Which statement best describes CPV enteritis pathophysiology and its cornerstone of supportive care?

• A. CPV targets rapidly dividing GI crypt cells and bone marrow; cornerstone is aggressive IV fluids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, antiemetics, nutrition, and isolation.
• B. CPV causes hepatic necrosis; cornerstone is liver-protective therapy.
• C. CPV affects only the kidneys; cornerstone is diuresis.
• D. CPV is a bacterial infection; cornerstone is broad-spectrum antibiotics alone.

Answer: (A)

Canine parvovirus enteritis damages rapidly dividing cells, especially the intestinal crypt epithelium and bone marrow. This destruction explains the severe GI signs (vomiting, profuse diarrhea) with profound dehydration and electrolyte losses, as well as immune suppression from reduced white blood cells. The broken gut barrier also allows bacteria to translocate, making septicemia a major concern.

The best-focused care approach is aggressive IV fluids to restore circulating volume, correct electrolytes, and support organ perfusion. Controlling vomiting with antiemetics helps stop ongoing losses, and early nutritional support keeps the gut lining healthy and provides energy for recovery. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are important to prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections tied to immunsuppression and mucosal barrier disruption. Isolation helps prevent spread since the virus is highly contagious and shed in feces for an extended period.

Other ideas—such as hepatic necrosis being the primary issue, or treating with diuresis alone, or using antibiotics as the sole measure—don’t fit the accepted pathophysiology and needed supportive strategy, which center on the virus’s targeting of rapidly dividing cells and the multifaceted, aggressive supportive care described.