What is the first step in neonatal resuscitation for a newborn puppy or kitten?

• A. Clear the airway and provide warmth
• B. Stimulate breathing
• C. Initiate ventilation
• D. Administer CPR

Answer: (A)

The first step is to clear the airway and provide warmth. Clearing the airway removes any obstruction from fluids or secretions so the newborn can take in air, which is essential for gas exchange right after birth. Providing warmth quickly reduces heat loss, and hypothermia can depress breathing and worsen outcomes in such fragile patients. With a patent airway and adequate warmth, the puppy or kitten is best positioned to initiate breathing on its own or respond to gentle stimulation. If breathing doesn’t start after these steps, you would proceed to stimulation and, if needed, ventilation; CPR is reserved for a neonate with no heartbeat.