In canine ophthalmology, how do you differentiate keratitis from corneal ulcer and what is the initial management?

• A. Keratitis shows thinning; ulcers are due to necrosis; management is steroids.
• B. Keratitis is corneal inflammation; ulcers show thinning/necrosis. Management: topical antibiotics (e.g., fluoroquinolones), pain control, cycloplegics; for deep ulcers, consider surgical repair or conjunctival graft.
• C. Keratitis and corneal ulcers cannot be distinguished clinically.
• D. Keratitis is a retinal condition.

Answer: (D)